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Flexible Depth Probes with PEDOT:PSS Microelectrodes for Chronic Recording and Stimulation.

Rémy Cornuéjols1,2, Anton Ivanov1, Antoine Ghestem1

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Summary

Flexible organic neural probes offer superior brain recording and stimulation capabilities. A novel implantation technique using a removable shuttle enables chronic deep brain access with minimal tissue damage.

Keywords:
bioelectronicschronicmicroelectrode arraysneural interface devicesneural microstimulationneural recordingsthin-film polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Flexible neural probes with conductive polymer electrodes show promise for chronic brain stimulation and recording.
  • Organic devices offer better charge injection and tissue compatibility than inorganic probes but face implantation challenges.
  • Stability and consistent physiological responses during prolonged use are critical for practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate flexible organic neural probes with PEDOT:PSS electrodes.
  • To develop a reliable implantation protocol for these probes into brain tissue.
  • To evaluate their efficacy for chronic deep brain recording and stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of plastic depth probes utilizing PEDOT:PSS electrodes.
  • Development of a stiff, removable shuttle for probe implantation.
  • Implantation into the hippocampus of adult rats for recording and stimulation, followed by 12-day monitoring and histological analysis.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated probes successfully recorded both neuronal network activity and individual neuron activity.
  • Electrical stimulation of Schaffer collaterals elicited electrophysiological responses in CA1 pyramidal cells over 12 days.
  • Histological analysis showed significantly smaller lesions compared to metal electrodes, indicating reduced tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • Flexible organic neural probes are effective tools for deep brain recording and stimulation.
  • The developed implantation technique facilitates chronic use of these devices.
  • Organic probes offer a less invasive alternative to traditional metal electrodes for neural interfacing.