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Enzymatically Polymerized Glycolated Conductive Polymers as Soft Electrodes for Neural Bioelectronic Interfaces.

Luigi Fabiano1,2, Tobias Abrahamsson1, Ludovico Aloisio1

  • 1Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding hydrophilic side chains to bis-ethylenedioxythiophene-thiophene (ETE)-based polymers enhances their biocompatibility and swelling. However, this modification slightly reduces cycling stability in organic electrochemical transistors, presenting design trade-offs for bioelectronic interfaces.

Keywords:
ETE-based polymerselectrochemical swellingenzymatic polymerizationglycolated conducting polymersnanomechanicsneural biointerfacesorganic electrochemical transistorsorganic mixed ionic−electronic conductors

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Area of Science:

  • Organic bioelectronics
  • Conducting polymers
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Organic bioelectronics requires materials that bridge ionic biological systems and electronic devices.
  • Conducting polymers offer mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, flexibility, and tunability.
  • Bis-ethylenedioxythiophene-thiophene (ETE)-based polymers are synthesized enzymatically for seamless biological integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of hydrophilic side-chain engineering on ETE-based polymer properties.
  • Compare a standard ETE polymer with one featuring a triethylene glycol side chain.
  • Understand how side-chain modifications affect physicochemical, electrochemical, and biological performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized and characterized two ETE-based polymers differing in side-chain structure.
  • Utilized electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D).
  • Employed in-operando UV-vis spectroscopy and electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM).

Main Results:

  • Glycolation increased film hydration and surface roughness without altering elastic modulus.
  • The glycolated polymer showed enhanced cytocompatibility and cell adhesion in a neuronal model.
  • Enhanced electrochemically induced swelling was observed in the glycolated polymer.
  • Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) using both polymers showed comparable performance, with slightly reduced stability for the glycolated version.

Conclusions:

  • Side-chain glycolation in ETE-based polymers presents complex trade-offs.
  • Enhanced hydration, roughness, and biocompatibility are achieved.
  • Slightly reduced cycling stability in OECTs necessitates careful design considerations.
  • Provides guidelines for engineering enzymatically synthesized conducting polymers for bioelectronic applications.