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Reproductive Costs Increase With Longer Extreme Heat Events in Collembola.

Anouk Gremion¹, Madhav P Thakur¹, Gerard Martínez-De León¹

¹Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland.

Ecology and Evolution

|July 10, 2025

Summary

Extreme heat events negatively impact soil invertebrate reproduction. Longer heat exposure reduced offspring production and egg viability, especially for species from cooler environments.

Keywords:

Folsomia candida Proisotoma minuta egg viability fecundity recovery warming

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Environmental Science
Zoology

Background:

Global temperatures are rising, increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events.
Organismal performance and reproductive success can be compromised by extreme heat.
Limited understanding exists on how heat event duration affects soil invertebrate reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally assess the impact of varying extreme heat durations on the reproductive traits of two Collembola species.
To investigate the role of prior rearing temperature on heat stress response in soil invertebrates.
To determine if heat exposure affects offspring production and egg viability.

Main Methods:

Two Collembola species (Folsomia candida and Proisotoma minuta) were reared at 15°C or 20°C.
Organisms were exposed to extreme heat (30°C-26°C) for 0, 2, 4, or 8 days, followed by 2 days of recovery.
Reproductive traits, including offspring number and egg size, were measured.

Main Results:

Offspring production (egg and hatchling numbers) decreased with increased duration of heat exposure in both species.
Collembolans from warmer environments showed greater reductions in egg numbers with heat exposure.
Collembolans from colder environments exhibited more significant reductions in hatchling numbers, indicating reduced egg viability.

Conclusions:

Prolonged exposure to extreme heat events significantly reduces collembolan reproductive success.
Soil invertebrates originating from cooler environments experience greater fitness consequences from extreme heat.
These findings highlight the vulnerability of soil invertebrate populations to climate warming.