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High mobility group box 1 as a biomarker for lumbar disc herniation severity in chronic low back pain

Rosa Dwi Wahyuni1, Dachruddin Ngatimin2, M Sabir3

  • 1Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia.

International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science
|July 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This study found no strong link between herniation severity and High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) levels in chronic low back pain (LBP) patients. Further research is needed to understand HMGB1's role in LBP.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Pain Management
  • Inflammatory Cytokines

Background:

  • Chronic low back pain (LBP) significantly impacts quality of life.
  • High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is implicated in LBP pathophysiology, particularly nucleus pulposus herniation (NHP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between the severity of nucleus pulposus herniation and lumbosacral High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) levels in patients with chronic low back pain.

Main Methods:

  • An analytical observational, cross-sectional study involving 64 chronic LBP patients.
  • Serum HMGB1 levels were measured, and herniation severity was assessed using MRI.
  • Pain severity was quantified using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).

Main Results:

  • Mean HMGB1 level was 4701 (±1001.88).
  • HMGB1 levels peaked in Grade 2 herniation (5939.10 ± 873.26).
  • Weak correlations were observed between NHP and HMGB1 (r=0.174) and between HMGB1 and NPRS (r=0.114).

Conclusions:

  • No significant relationship was established between nucleus pulposus herniation severity and HMGB1 levels in chronic LBP.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate HMGB1's precise role in LBP and its potential as a biomarker.
Abstract

Keywords:
Degree of lumbar herniationhigh mobility group box 1 lumbosacral levelpatients with chronic low back pain

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