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Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

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Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

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Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
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Drug disposition in the body is a complex process and can be studied using two major approaches: the model and the model-independent approaches.
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Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

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Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
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Physiological models with protein binding in pharmacokinetics offer a sophisticated approach to understanding drug disposition. These models consider drug-protein interactions, enabling them to effectively predict drug concentrations in different organs and tissues. This precision aids in accurate drug dosing, providing a significant advantage over conventional models. A key process within these models is equilibration, which ensures that drug concentrations achieve a steady state within the...
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  1. Home
  3. Thermodynamic Modelling Of Pharmaceutical Sorption In Soil Systems: A Comparative Study Of Batch And Fixed-bed Approaches.
  1. Home
  3. Thermodynamic Modelling Of Pharmaceutical Sorption In Soil Systems: A Comparative Study Of Batch And Fixed-bed Approaches.

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Thermodynamic modelling of pharmaceutical sorption in soil systems: A comparative study of batch and fixed-bed

László Bauer1, Zoltán Szalai1, Anna Vancsik1

  • 1Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 15-17, Budapest H-1121, Hungary.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
|July 10, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fixed-bed systems accurately model soil contaminant transport, outperforming traditional batch methods. This study reveals new thermodynamic insights into pharmaceutical sorption, crucial for environmental risk assessment.

Keywords:
Fixed-bed simulationRetention of soilTemperature-dependent sorptionTransport dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Chemistry

Background:

  • Temperature fluctuations in agricultural soils impact pharmaceutical mobility and contaminant fate.
  • Accurate methods are needed to estimate the transport of organic micropollutants in topsoils.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sorption behavior of pharmaceuticals in topsoils using fixed-bed and batch experiments.
  • To compare the thermodynamic calculations and predictive accuracy of fixed-bed versus batch methods for soil-pharmaceutical interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated sorption of three pharmaceuticals in fixed-bed and batch systems across five topsoil temperatures.
  • Analyzed data chemometrically to assess sorption and thermodynamic parameters.
  • Compared the correlation between sorption, thermodynamics, and temperature in both experimental setups.

Main Results:

  • Fixed-bed systems accurately predict pharmaceutical behavior in soil, outperforming batch methods in correlating sorption and thermodynamics.
  • Observed opposite trends between standard Gibbs' free energy (ΔG0) and sorption/desorption in fixed-bed experiments, unlike batch methods.
  • Thermodynamic analysis indicated specific surface reactions for 17α-ethynylestradiol and lidocaine-hydrochloride in fixed-bed systems.

Conclusions:

  • Fixed-bed systems provide a more accurate model of soil-pharmaceutical sorption processes than batch experiments.
  • This study offers novel thermodynamic insights into soil-pharmaceutical interactions.
  • Findings support the use of fixed-bed systems for improved environmental risk assessments and contaminant transport models.