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  2. Do Leaders Actually Influence Sports Performance? An Integrated Systematic Review And Meta-analyses.
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  2. Do Leaders Actually Influence Sports Performance? An Integrated Systematic Review And Meta-analyses.

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Do Leaders Actually Influence Sports Performance? An Integrated Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

Charlotte Clare1, James Hardy1, Ross Roberts1

  • 1Institute for the Psychology of Elite Performance, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Bangor University, Wales, United Kingdom.

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology
|July 10, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals a small positive link between leadership and sports performance. Athlete leaders, particularly captains, showed a stronger impact on team success than coaches.

Keywords:
coachesinformal athlete leadersleadership hierarchiessocial identity leadershipteam captainstransformational leadership

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Area of Science:

  • Sport Psychology
  • Leadership Studies
  • Performance Analysis

Background:

  • The precise relationship between leadership and sport performance is not well understood.
  • Limited knowledge exists on how leadership impacts team versus individual performance and differs between coach and athlete leaders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the leadership-sport performance relationship.
  • To quantify differences between coach and athlete leaders.
  • To examine moderator variables influencing leadership effectiveness in sports.

Main Methods:

  • An integrated systematic and meta-analytical review was conducted.
  • Data from 50 studies involving 17,158 athletes were analyzed.
  • Moderator analyses were performed to explore leadership type and leader role.

Main Results:

  • A small, significant positive relationship was found between leadership and performance (r = .21).
  • Team captains demonstrated a stronger link to team performance (r = .34) compared to coaches (r = .18) and informal athlete leaders (r = .15).
  • Authentic (r = .44) and transformational (r = .33) leadership styles showed larger effect sizes than social identity leadership (r = .19).

Conclusions:

  • Both coaches and athletes can be effective leaders in sport.
  • Leadership significantly influences both team and individual athletic performance.
  • The type of leader (coach vs. athlete) and leadership style impacts performance outcomes.