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Nervous System01:21

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The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
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Connection and communication between the nervous and immune systems.

Alexander Leunig1,2,3, Matteo Gianeselli4,5,6, Scott J Russo4,5,6

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The nervous and immune systems form an integrated network, communicating bidirectionally to manage physiological responses to internal and external stressors. This review explores their collaboration across space and time, impacting immune cell function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Physiology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • The nervous and immune systems, once viewed separately, are now understood as interconnected for brain-body physiology.
  • Bidirectional communication between these systems is crucial for detecting and responding to diverse stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the collaborative mechanisms between the nervous and immune systems.
  • To examine how this integrated network responds to internal and external stressors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuro-immune interactions.
  • Analysis of immune-nervous communication through spatial (brain, peripheral organs, distance) and temporal (development, distribution, function) frameworks.

Main Results:

  • The nervous and immune systems share a common architecture and vocabulary for communication.
  • Nervous system influence impacts immune cell development, distribution, and function throughout the lifespan.
  • Integrated responses to psychological stress, circadian cues, infection, and tissue injury are mediated by neuro-immune crosstalk.

Conclusions:

  • The nervous and immune systems operate as an integrated network, not in isolation.
  • Understanding neuro-immune interactions is key to comprehending responses to somatic and environmental stressors.
  • Future research should focus on tools, clinical applications, and unanswered questions in neuro-immune coordination.