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Related Concept Videos

Aggression01:47

Aggression

Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire...
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Relationship Formation02:12

Relationship Formation

What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

The c-FOS Protein Immunohistological Detection: A Useful Tool As a Marker of Central Pathways Involved in Specific Physiological Responses In Vivo and Ex Vivo
05:44

The c-FOS Protein Immunohistological Detection: A Useful Tool As a Marker of Central Pathways Involved in Specific Physiological Responses In Vivo and Ex Vivo

Published on: April 25, 2016

Sexual Dimorphism in c-Fos Networks Governing Aggression.

Antonio V Aubry1,2, Long Li3,4, Romain Durand-de Cuttoli1,2

  • 1Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aggression involves widespread brain network changes, with males showing broad activation and females exhibiting targeted potentiation in specific cortical regions. This study maps brain-wide activity patterns during aggression in mice.

More Related Videos

A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster
07:19

A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 30, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

The c-FOS Protein Immunohistological Detection: A Useful Tool As a Marker of Central Pathways Involved in Specific Physiological Responses In Vivo and Ex Vivo
05:44

The c-FOS Protein Immunohistological Detection: A Useful Tool As a Marker of Central Pathways Involved in Specific Physiological Responses In Vivo and Ex Vivo

Published on: April 25, 2016

A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster
07:19

A New Approach that Eliminates Handling for Studying Aggression and the "Loser" Effect in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 30, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Biology
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Aggression research often focuses on limited brain regions, neglecting a comprehensive whole-brain activity map.
  • Understanding the neural basis of aggression requires examining distributed network dynamics beyond core circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate a whole-brain map of neural activity associated with aggression using mesoscale network analysis.
  • To identify sex-specific differences in brain-wide network reorganization during aggressive behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resident-intruder assays in male and female mice.
  • Combined iDISCO+ c-Fos imaging with weighted co-expression network analysis to identify mesoscale co-activation modules.
  • Performed module preservation and differential correlation analyses to detect network changes.

Main Results:

  • Aggressive (AGG) mice exhibited increased attack behavior, while females showed more social investigation.
  • Male AGGs displayed broad, anteroposterior brain activation; females preferentially activated anterior cortical regions.
  • Network analysis revealed significant reorganization of connectivity in AGG mice, with sex-specific patterns of module preservation and changes.

Conclusions:

  • Aggression recruits distributed mesoscale brain communities through edge-specific connectivity gains.
  • Males show widespread network strengthening, whereas females exhibit targeted potentiation in anterior cortical modules.
  • This study provides a framework for identifying candidate neural hubs and connections for future causal manipulation studies.