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Birth Outcome and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Leukemia in Rwanda: A case - Control Study

Felicien Turatsinze1, Erigene Rutayisire1, Michael Habtu1

  • 1Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Kigali-Kicukiro-Rwanda.

Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences
|July 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Birth asphyxia and neonatal jaundice significantly increase the risk of childhood leukemia. Further research and investment in childhood cancer are crucial for effective management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Childhood leukemia is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children.
  • Identifying risk factors is critical for early detection and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate birth outcomes and maternal risk factors associated with childhood leukemia in Rwanda.
  • To determine the association between specific birth complications and the incidence of childhood leukemia.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted with 103 children diagnosed with leukemia (cases) and 103 controls.
  • Data were collected via semi-structured questionnaires and phone calls.
  • Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Children experiencing birth asphyxia had a nearly 2.5 times increased risk of leukemia (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AoR]=2.47).
  • Neonatal jaundice was associated with a five-fold increase in leukemia risk (AoR=5.05).
  • Cesarean section delivery was noted in 41.3% of participants.

Conclusions:

  • Birth asphyxia and neonatal jaundice are significant risk factors for childhood leukemia.
  • Increased investment in childhood oncology research is essential for improving healthcare system efficiency and case management.
Abstract

Keywords:
ALLAMLAcute lymphocytic leukemiaAcute myelogenous leukemiaChildhood cancerRwanda

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