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A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Published on: January 11, 2020

Appropriate Screening Tests to Assess Post-COVID-19 Cognitive Dysfunction in Aeromedical Settings.

Solomon G Beka, Robin F Griffiths, Julia A Myers

Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance

|July 11, 2025

Summary

Post-COVID-19 cognitive dysfunction affects pilots. The Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test are recommended as quick, suitable screening tools for aeromedical evaluations.

Keywords:

aeromedical evaluations long COVID neurocognitive screening tests

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Published on: October 13, 2016

Area of Science:

Aviation Medicine
Neuropsychology
Aerospace Medicine

Background:

10-20% of individuals experience long-term post-COVID-19 symptoms, including cognitive deficits.
Cognitive dysfunction can impact pilot performance, necessitating sensitive screening.
Identifying effective cognitive screening tools is crucial for aviation safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify appropriate screening tests for post-COVID-19 cognitive dysfunction in pilots.
To evaluate the suitability of cognitive screening tools for aeromedical settings.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review identified 13 potential screening tools.
Five tests were selected for a modified Delphi evaluation with experts.
Consensus was reached on tests suitable for screening pilots.

Main Results:

The Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test were identified as suitable.
These tests are quick, objective, and relevant to pilot cognitive skills.
Expert consensus supported their use for post-COVID-19 cognitive screening.

Conclusions:

The Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test are recommended for screening pilots.
These tools assess relevant cognitive abilities and have good utility.
Further validation for detecting COVID-19 related neurocognitive impacts is suggested.