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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand
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Towards the Development of Dynamic Hand Orthosis Without Conventional Joints.

Leon Schaeffer, Felix Rambach, Theresa Schmauber

    IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [Proceedings]
    |July 11, 2025
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    Summary

    This study introduces compliant tensegrity structures for dynamic wrist-hand orthoses, replicating natural hand mobility. This approach enables customized support and precise force application for improved therapeutic outcomes.

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    A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
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    A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
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    A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Orthotics and Prosthetics
    • Robotics

    Background:

    • The human hand possesses 31 degrees of freedom, making wrist-hand orthosis development challenging.
    • Replicating the wrist's multiaxial mobility is critical for effective dynamic orthoses.
    • Conventional orthoses often lack the ability to fully mimic natural wrist movements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the development of dynamic wrist-hand orthoses using compliant tensegrity structures.
    • To investigate how tensegrity structures can replicate natural wrist mobility and allow for customized restrictions.
    • To establish a foundation for designing patient-specific tensegrity-based hand orthoses.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing compliant tensegrity structures to align with anatomical pivot points and axes of rotation.
    • Employing 3D scanning of hand anatomy for precise customization.
    • Conducting initial experimental measurements and simulated calculations to understand orthosis behavior and wrist forces.

    Main Results:

    • Tensegrity structures enable unrestricted multi-directional mobility by avoiding conventional joints.
    • The minimalist, lightweight design offers joint stabilization while allowing access to injured areas.
    • Customization based on patient anatomy and needs is essential for preventing strain and optimizing force application.

    Conclusions:

    • Tensegrity structures offer a promising approach for developing dynamic wrist-hand orthoses that mimic natural wrist mobility.
    • Accurate 3D scanning and computational analysis are crucial for designing effective, customized tensegrity-based orthoses.
    • This methodology provides a robust framework for the creation of initial tensegrity orthosis prototypes.