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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Regular exercise and meditation serve as essential tools in managing stress and promoting physical and mental well-being.
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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
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In-vehicle multi-sensory experiences can reduce mental stress.

Jingkun Wang1, Chiho Lim1, Mansoor Nasir2

  • 1School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.

Applied Ergonomics
|July 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that multi-sensory relaxation in stationary vehicles effectively reduces stress. Participants experienced significant physiological and subjective stress reduction, preferring it over no intervention.

Keywords:
In-vehicle experienceIndividual well-beingMental stressMulti-sensory relaxationStress reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Daily stress negatively impacts mental and physical health.
  • Existing stress-relief methods often lack accessibility due to time, training, or environmental needs.
  • Personal vehicles represent an underutilized space for passive stress recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a multi-sensory in-vehicle relaxation system for stress reduction.
  • To assess the impact of scent as part of the multi-sensory experience.
  • To determine the feasibility and participant acceptance of in-vehicle relaxation.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-eight participants underwent a stress-inducing cognitive task.
  • Three conditions were tested: control, multi-sensory relaxation without scent, and multi-sensory relaxation with scent.
  • Physiological data (EEG, ECG) and subjective stress ratings were collected.

Main Results:

  • Both multi-sensory relaxation conditions significantly reduced stress compared to the control.
  • Physiological markers showed increased parasympathetic activity (increased RR, RMSSD, alpha/beta ratio).
  • 98% preferred the relaxation experience, and 62% would use it regularly.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-sensory relaxation, with or without scent, is effective in reducing acute stress.
  • In-vehicle relaxation systems offer a practical and accessible stress management solution.
  • Participant preference and willingness to use suggest strong potential for this technology.