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Empathy

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Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
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Updated: May 3, 2026

Humor or Rationality? The Neural Mechanisms of How Agent Type and Language Style Influence Satisfaction with Ride-Hailing Service Failure Recovery
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Exploring emotional contexts of drivers: A study using AI-generated vignettes.

Duha Alkurdi1, Shiva Rasouli1, Walter J Talamonti2

  • 1Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA.

Acta Psychologica
|May 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Driving context significantly impacts driver emotions. Rainy weather, heavy traffic, and surrounding chaos increase negative emotions, while rural settings and clear conditions enhance positive feelings, crucial for driver monitoring systems.

Keywords:
DrivingDriving contextEmotion estimationEmotions intensityEnvironmental factors

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Transportation Psychology
  • Affective Computing

Background:

  • Driver emotions critically influence driving behavior and safety, affecting attention, memory, and decision-making.
  • Accurate emotion recognition is challenging due to varied emotional expressions and contextual factors.
  • Limited research exists on the specific contextual influences on drivers' emotional states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how environmental and situational factors influence drivers' emotional states.
  • To understand the impact of time, area, weather, surrounding conditions, and traffic on driver emotions.
  • To provide insights for developing context-aware driver monitoring systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 64 AI-generated driving scenario vignettes (DALL-E 2).
  • Recruited 238 participants via Prolific for scenario-based emotional response assessment.
  • Analyzed the relationship between contextual variables and self-reported driver emotions.

Main Results:

  • Rainy weather, tumultuous surroundings, and high traffic correlated with increased negative emotions.
  • Driving in rural areas, morning times, or with no traffic was associated with enhanced positive emotions.
  • Rainy weather specifically intensified negative emotional responses.

Conclusions:

  • Contextual factors like weather, traffic, and environment significantly modulate driver emotions.
  • Findings highlight the importance of context in interpreting driver emotional states.
  • Results can inform the design of more effective driver monitoring systems that account for situational influences.