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Moving Into the Loop: An Investigation of Drivers' Steering Behavior in Highly Automated Vehicles.

Areen Alsaid1, John D Lee1, Morgan Price1

  • 15228 University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

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Summary

Drivers sometimes steer vehicles even when automation is active, a behavior called vicarious steering. This indicates engagement and can predict transitions to manual control in automated vehicles.

Keywords:
automated vehiclesresponsibilitysteeringtrustvehicle control algorithms

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Area of Science:

  • Human-computer interaction
  • Automotive engineering
  • Cognitive psychology

Background:

  • Automated vehicles present challenges like driver disengagement and performance decline.
  • Vicarious steering, where drivers steer under automation, is examined as an engagement indicator.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate driver engagement with vehicle automation.
  • To analyze the phenomenon of vicarious steering.
  • To understand its relation to transitions to manual control.

Main Methods:

  • 32 male and 32 female drivers (25-55 years) participated in a 2x2 between-subject experiment.
  • Control algorithms (lane centering, adaptive) and instructed responsibility levels were manipulated.
  • Vicarious steering behavior was measured during automated driving.

Main Results:

  • The adaptive algorithm significantly increased vicarious steering (p < .001).
  • Instructed responsibility did not affect vicarious steering (p = .67).
  • Vicarious steering correlated with more transitions to manual control and road glances, but poorer post-transition performance.

Conclusions:

  • Vicarious steering is a valuable indicator of driver engagement during automated driving.
  • Automation algorithms can be designed to enhance driver engagement.
  • Understanding vicarious steering is key for evaluating and improving automated vehicle systems.