Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Motor Unit Stimulation

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...

Hierarchy of Motor Control

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Performance using a visuo-haptic surgical simulator is affected by age.

Advances in simulation (London, England)·2026

Same author

Video-based 2D markerless gait analysis in people with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026

Same author

Side-Dependent Trunk Muscle Modulation During Sit-to-Stand After Stroke: An Exploratory EMG and Kinematic Study.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Video-based computational analysis of spontaneous movements in preterm infants: A longitudinal neuromotor assessment.

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine·2026

Same author

Age-Related Differences in Cognitive and Postural Performance During Dynamic Dual-Tasks.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

The softfoot pro at the cybathlon: kinematic, metabolic, and user performance evaluation.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

Synergic practice with a body-machine interface: implications for individual and collective motor learning.

Amy Bellitto^1,2,3, Ferdinando A Mussa-Ivaldi^4,5, Camilla Pierella¹

¹Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Journal of Neural Engineering

|July 11, 2025

Summary

In synergic practice using body-machine interfaces (BoMIs), higher individual contributions lead to better sustained motor learning. Lower contributions initially hinder performance but can be overcome with further practice.

Keywords:

body-machine interface motor learning synergic practice

More Related Videos

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality

Published on: May 10, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality

Published on: May 10, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Robotics
Motor Control

Background:

Body-machine interfaces (BoMIs) translate body movements into device commands.
Synergic practice in dyadic tasks shows potential for enhancing motor learning.
The impact of individual contributions within synergic practice is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how varying contribution levels in synergic practice affect individual and collective motor learning.
To assess the influence of contribution levels on individual performance after returning to solo practice.

Main Methods:

Forty participants engaged in solo, dyadic synergic, and post-dyadic solo practice with a BoMI.
Participants were categorized as high or low contributors based on their role in dyadic cursor control.
Analysis focused on performance, motor strategies, and internal models.

Main Results:

High contributors maintained consistent motor strategies during dyadic practice.
Low contributors exhibited strategy deviations during dyadic practice.
Post-dyadic solo practice showed high contributors retaining performance, while low contributors initially regressed before improving.

Conclusions:

Contribution levels in synergic practice significantly impact motor learning trajectories.
Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing dyadic training protocols.
Synergic practice benefits subsequent individual performance, with contribution level modulating the effect.