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Related Concept Videos

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Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Correction: Gernhardt et al. Ex Vivo Computed Tomographic Morphometry and Motion of the Native and Fractured Equine Accessory Carpal Bone. <i>Animals</i> 2026, <i>16</i>, 1132.

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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

In Ovo Intravascular Injection in Chicken Embryos
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Chicken Primordial Germ Cell Surface Marker.

Tamara J Gough1, Terry G Wise1, Matthew P Bruce1

  • 1Health and Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new antibody to identify and isolate chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs), crucial for genetic advancements in poultry. This discovery aids avian biotechnology and agricultural applications by enabling precise PGC targeting.

Keywords:
avian biotechnologychicken myosin heavy chain 9chicken vasa homologuegerm cell sortingprimordial germ cellsurface marker

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Area of Science:

  • Avian biotechnology
  • Developmental biology
  • Cellular and molecular biology

Background:

  • Transgenic chickens offer agricultural and biotechnological benefits, necessitating efficient gene-editing methods.
  • Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are essential for genetic transmission, making their identification and isolation critical for gene editing.
  • Existing markers for chicken PGCs (SSEA1, CVH) have limitations in specificity or suitability for isolation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel antibody targeting a specific surface marker on chicken PGCs.
  • To enable the isolation of viable PGCs for improved gene-editing applications in poultry.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of monoclonal antibodies by injecting whole chicken PGCs into mice.
  • Screening antibodies for binding to cultured PGCs and assessing specificity using retinoic acid differentiation.
  • Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify the target antigen (MYH9 protein).

Main Results:

  • A specific antibody (αMYH9) was generated that binds to chicken PGCs.
  • The antibody demonstrated reduced binding upon PGC differentiation, confirming specificity.
  • MYH9 protein was identified as the PGC surface marker targeted by αMYH9.

Conclusions:

  • Characterization of αMYH9 provides a valuable tool for identifying and isolating chicken PGCs.
  • This advancement has significant implications for avian genetic preservation, agriculture, and biotechnology.
  • Further research is needed to assess potential off-target binding to somatic cells.