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Exploring the Bioavailability of Red Grape Skin Extract Polyphenols: A Caco-2 Cell Model Study
Edurne Elejalde1,2, Rosa María Alonso2, María Carmen Villarán1
1TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava, 01510 Miñano, Álava, Spain.
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2025
Summary
Grape polyphenols
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Pharmacology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Grapes are rich in polyphenols, compounds with health benefits.
- Polyphenol bioavailability is crucial for their effects.
- Limited data exists on grape polyphenol bioavailability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the intestinal permeability of nine polyphenols from red grape skin extract (GSE).
- To assess the transport efficiency (TE) of these compounds using the Caco-2 cell model.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Caco-2 cell model to simulate the human intestinal epithelium.
- Analyzed the transport of three anthocyanins, three flavonols, two hydroxybenzoic acids, and one hydroxycinnamic acid.
- Tested two concentrations of GSE (15 mg/mL and 22 mg/mL).
Main Results:
- Malvidin-3-O-glucoside had a TE of 1.08% among anthocyanins.
- Kaempferol-3-glucoside showed the highest TE among flavonols (130%).
- Gallic acid exhibited the highest TE overall (188%).
Conclusions:
- Gallic acid and kaempferol-3-glucoside demonstrate significant intestinal transport.
- Only limited transport was observed for anthocyanins like malvidin-3-O-glucoside.
- Findings provide insights into the absorption mechanisms and bioactivity of grape polyphenols.
