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High-Value Brown Algae Extracts Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Microwave-Assisted Extraction.

Meirielly Jesus1, Aloia Romaní1,2,3, Joana Santos1,4

  • 1CISAS-Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua da Escola Industrial e Comercial Nun'Alvares 34, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep eutectic solvents combined with microwave-assisted extraction efficiently extract bioactive compounds from macroalgae. This green method yields high-value algal extracts and valorizes residual biomass for biotechnological applications.

Keywords:
Ascophyllum nodosumLaminaria hyperboreaantimicrobial propertiesbioactive compoundsbioresource valorizationdeep eutectic solventsgreen chemistrymicrowave extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biotechnology
  • Green Chemistry
  • Biomass Valorization

Background:

  • Macroalgae are rich sources of bioactive compounds.
  • Sustainable extraction methods are needed to harness algal potential.
  • Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer a promising green solvent alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of DESs combined with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for bioactive compound extraction from *Ascophyllum nodosum* and *Laminaria hyperborea*.
  • To evaluate different DES formulations and extraction parameters.
  • To characterize the extracted compounds and assess the potential of residual biomass.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction using two DES formulations: choline chloride/lactic acid (ChCl/LA) and sodium acetate/lactic acid (AcNa/LA).
  • Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) under varying temperatures and times.
  • Quantification of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS).
  • Identification of phenolics via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
  • Antimicrobial assays, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Main Results:

  • DES-MAE effectively extracted bioactive compounds from both algae species.
  • *A. nodosum* yielded higher TPC (47.51 mg GAE/g DW) and bioactivity compared to *L. hyperborea* (up to 19.12 mg GAE/g DW).
  • HPLC identified significant phenolics including vanillin and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
  • Extracts showed strong antimicrobial activity against *Clostridium perfringens* and moderate activity against *Staphylococcus aureus*.
  • Residual biomass from *L. hyperborea* showed potential for bioenergy applications.

Conclusions:

  • DES-MAE is a sustainable and effective green strategy for extracting high-value compounds from macroalgae.
  • The study highlights the potential of algal biomass for producing bioactive extracts and valuable co-products.
  • Optimized DES-MAE conditions can maximize the yield and bioactivity of algal extracts.