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Nutritional Management of Functioning GEP-NENs
Maribel Del Olmo-García1,2,3, Lorena Hernandez-Rienda1,3, Maria Argente Pla1,3
1Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Research Institute La Fe, University of Valencia-Health, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
Nutrients
|July 12, 2025
Summary
Functioning gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) cause malnutrition through hormone hypersecretion. Early, individualized nutrition management is key to improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Functioning gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are rare hormone-secreting tumors.
- These tumors cause complex syndromes (e.g., carcinoid syndrome, insulinoma) leading to significant metabolic and nutritional disturbances.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology of malnutrition in functioning GEP-NENs.
- To highlight nutritional and supportive care strategies.
- To examine how medical, surgical, and locoregional treatments impact nutritional outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Literature analysis and review of clinical guidelines.
- Identification of malnutrition mechanisms and clinical manifestations in different functioning syndromes.
- Summarization of nutritional recommendations and treatment impacts.
Main Results:
- Malnutrition in functioning NENs is multifactorial and syndrome-specific, driven by hormonal hypersecretion.
- Effects include diarrhea, electrolyte imbalances, catabolic states, steatorrhea, and hypoglycemia, leading to nutrient loss or malabsorption.
- Tailored dietary interventions, micronutrient supplementation, and symptom management are crucial.
Conclusions:
- Malnutrition is a significant clinical issue in functioning GEP-NENs requiring early recognition.
- A multidisciplinary, individualized management plan integrating nutrition is essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
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