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Polyacrylonitrile/Silver Nanoparticles Composite for Catalytic Dye Reduction and Real-Time Monitoring.

Christian Narváez-Muñoz1,2, Sebastián Ponce3, Carlos Durán1

  • 1Departamento de Ciencias de la Energía y Mecánica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador.

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|July 12, 2025
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Summary

This study developed novel polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for wastewater treatment. These sustainable membranes efficiently degrade dyes and act as sensors, offering a scalable solution for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
3D printingcatalytic dye reductionelectrospun fibergreen synthesishierarchical structurespolyacrylonitrile nanofibersreal-time monitoringsensorssilver nanoparticle

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Wastewater treatment requires efficient and sustainable methods for dye degradation.
  • Developing advanced materials with catalytic and sensing capabilities is crucial for environmental remediation.
  • Green synthesis of nanoparticles offers an eco-friendly approach to material fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a one-step electrospinning method for creating polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers embedded with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
  • To evaluate the catalytic efficiency of the PAN/AgNPs composite nanofibers for dye reduction.
  • To explore the potential of the material for real-time monitoring of the catalytic process and assess its scalability for wastewater treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PAN nanofibers with embedded AgNPs using a one-step electrospinning technique.
  • Green synthesis of AgNPs using avocado seed extract.
  • Catalytic degradation experiments using methyl orange and sodium borohydride.
  • Assessment of catalytic activity, reusability, and scalability using a 3D-printed support.
  • Real-time monitoring of dye reduction via changes in electrical conductivity.

Main Results:

  • The composite nanofibers exhibited uniform AgNP dispersion and enhanced surface area, leading to improved adsorption and catalytic properties.
  • Over 95% degradation of methyl orange was achieved within 45 minutes, with excellent stability over ten reuse cycles.
  • A 60-fold increase in treatment volume was realized using a 3D-printed support without compromising efficiency.
  • The material demonstrated dual functionality as both an efficient catalyst and a real-time sensor for dye reduction.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PAN/AgNPs nanofiber membranes, supported by a 3D-printed structure, offer a highly efficient and scalable solution for wastewater treatment.
  • The material's ability to act as both a catalyst and a sensor facilitates sustainable environmental remediation and in situ reaction monitoring.
  • This approach highlights the potential of green-synthesized nanomaterials in advanced environmental applications.