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How Beyond-5G and 6G Makes IIoT and the Smart Grid Green-A Survey
Pal Varga1, Áron István Jászberényi1, Dániel Pásztor2
1Department of Telecommunications and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2025
Summary
Next-generation wireless technologies like 6G can enhance energy efficiency in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and smart grids. This survey explores challenges and enablers for sustainable, intelligent energy infrastructures.
Area of Science:
- Electrical Engineering
- Computer Science
- Telecommunications
Background:
- Modern energy infrastructure requires sustainable and intelligent systems.
- Next-generation wireless communication technologies offer potential solutions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To survey how beyond-5G and 6G technologies can support green Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and smart grids.
- To identify challenges and enablers for energy-efficient smart infrastructures.
Main Methods:
- Review of key enablers: Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN), wake-up radios, mobile edge computing, energy harvesting.
- Analysis of optimization strategies for 5G/6G networks and data centers.
- Examination of 5G's role in smart grid applications (distributed generation, load control, feeder automation).
Main Results:
- Beyond-5G and 6G technologies can significantly improve energy efficiency and responsiveness in IIoT and smart grids.
- Key enablers and optimization strategies are identified for green IoT and network operations.
- 5G facilitates reliable, ultra-low-latency communication for advanced smart grid functions.
Conclusions:
- Future research should focus on energy-efficient, resilient, and scalable smart infrastructures.
- Intelligent wireless networks are crucial for sustainable energy systems.
- Addressing challenges in interoperability and real-time responsiveness is essential.
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