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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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In Vivo Assessment of Ankle Stability During Dynamic Exercises: Scoping Review.

Sandra Sanchez-Morilla¹, Pablo Cervera-Garvi¹, Laura Ramirez-Perez^2,3

¹Department of Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 12, 2025

Summary

Assessing in vivo ankle stability during dynamic exercise is crucial for injury management. This review identified 3D motion capture and force platforms as key tools for dynamic load assessment in various exercises.

Keywords:

ankle joint biomechanical phenomena joint instability kinematics technology assessment

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics and Kinesiology
Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation

Background:

The ankle joint is vital for lower limb stability against ground reaction forces.
Ankle instability can lead to pain, weakness, and functional impairments.
Limited research exists on in vivo dynamic load assessment methods for ankle stability, hindering injury management.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically identify and review in vivo techniques for assessing ankle stability.
To focus on objective measurement tools used during dynamic exercise protocols.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive scoping review adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted.
Searches were performed across five major scientific databases (PubMed, PEDro, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CDSR) up to September 2024.
Inclusion criteria were applied to 1678 initially identified records, resulting in 32 studies.

Main Results:

Thirty-two studies involving 1142 participants (25.6% female, 71.7% male) met the criteria.
Six categories of dynamic exercises were analyzed: analytical, functional, balance, stair climbing, running, and walking.
Commonly utilized techniques included 3D motion capture, force platforms, dynamometry, electromyography, accelerometers, and inertial measurement units.

Conclusions:

Three-dimensional motion capture (240 Hz) and force platforms (1000 Hz) were the most prevalent tools, particularly for functional tasks and walking.
Integrating these systems with multisegmented foot models offers an optimal approach for ankle stability assessment.
The selection of assessment tools should be guided by specific research objectives and study goals.