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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

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Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Questionnaire: A Systematic Review.

Ana Belen Ortega-Avila1,2, Sandra Sanchez-Morilla1,2, Maria Hermas Galan-Hurtado1

  • 1Department Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.

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The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) has methodological flaws in most versions. Only the Spanish FAAM adaptation shows adequate quality, highlighting the need for more rigorous validation studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Physical Therapy
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is a widely used tool for assessing therapeutic interventions in foot and ankle pathologies.
  • Clinicians and researchers rely on the FAAM to evaluate patient outcomes.
  • A review of different FAAM versions and their methodological quality is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing versions of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM).
  • To evaluate the methodological quality of studies validating the FAAM across different languages.
  • To identify high-quality FAAM adaptations for clinical and research use.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review was conducted using multiple databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, PEDro, PROSPERO, SPORTDiscus).
  • Inclusion criteria focused on validation studies of the FAAM in adults (≥18 years) across all languages and timeframes.
  • The COSMIN checklist was utilized by two independent reviewers to assess methodological quality.

Main Results:

  • Thirteen FAAM instruments met the inclusion criteria for this review.
  • Significant methodological flaws were identified in numerous FAAM validation studies.
  • Common issues included inadequate criterion validity and measurement error assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Only the Spanish-language cultural adaptation of the FAAM demonstrated adequate methodological quality.
  • Further research with enhanced methodological rigor is essential for other FAAM cultural adaptations.
  • Improved validation is crucial for reliable use of the FAAM in diverse populations.