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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor
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Spinal Injuries from Equestrian Activity: A US Nationwide Study.

Randall T Loder1, Alyssa L Walker1, Laurel C Blakemore2

  • 1Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equestrian activities lead to significant spine injuries, with falls being common. This study analyzed national data to understand injury patterns and demographics, informing future prevention efforts.

Keywords:
demographicsemergency departmentequestrianfracturespine

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Area of Science:

  • Spine Injury Epidemiology
  • Trauma Research
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Equestrian activities pose a risk for spine injuries.
  • Previous research often relied on single-center data.
  • A national database approach is needed to understand injury trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize equestrian-associated spinal injuries using a US national emergency department (ED) database.
  • To analyze demographics, injury mechanisms, and injury types.
  • To establish baseline data for evaluating prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database (2000-2023).
  • Analyzed equestrian-related spine injuries.
  • Employed statistical methods accounting for weighted, stratified data for national estimates.

Main Results:

  • Estimated 54,830 patients, average age 42, predominantly female (73.6%) and White (93.7%).
  • Lumbar spine injuries were most common (49.1%), followed by thoracic (24.4%).
  • Falls off horses accounted for 53.6% of injuries; 51.1% were not discharged from the ED.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides crucial baseline data on equestrian spine injuries.
  • Findings can inform the development of targeted prevention strategies and educational protocols.
  • Highlights the need for potential legislative or regulatory measures in public equestrian settings.