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Keratoconus: The Local Manifestation of a Systemic Disease?
Matteo Pederzolli1,2, Federico Procopio2,3, Beatrice Tombolini4
1Eye Repair Lab, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 12, 2025
Summary
Keratoconus (KC), an ectatic corneal disease, may stem from systemic factors like genetics and metabolism. Recognizing KC as a systemic condition could lead to earlier detection and novel treatments.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Genetics
- Immunology
- Metabolic Science
Background:
- Keratoconus (KC) is the most prevalent ectatic corneal disease.
- Current understanding often focuses on corneal aspects, potentially overlooking systemic influences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize the systemic factors associated with Keratoconus.
- To explore the potential of KC as a manifestation of underlying systemic conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies examining systemic associations with KC.
- Analysis of factors including genetics, immune status, metabolism, and hormonal balance.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests a systemic predisposition to KC.
- Associations found with atopy, eye rubbing, metabolic and collagen diseases, and psychiatric conditions.
Conclusions:
- KC may be the local manifestation of a systemic disease.
- Viewing KC systemically could enable earlier detection, prevention, and targeted therapies.
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