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Advances in Polypyrrole Nanofiber Composites: Design, Synthesis, and Performance in Tissue Engineering.

Lu Hao1,2, Demei Yu3, Xinyu Hou1,2

  • 1Department of Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute, Xianyang 712000, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanofiber composites show promise for tissue repair, but processing and degradation issues remain. Combining PPy with degradable materials enhances its biomedical applications, particularly in nerve, skin, bone, and heart tissue regeneration.

Keywords:
PPycompositeelectrospun nanofiberstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Polypyrrole (PPy) possesses excellent electrical conductivity and biocompatibility, making it suitable for biomedical applications.
  • Clinical translation of PPy is limited by processing difficulties and poor degradability.
  • Composite strategies using degradable nanomaterials can overcome PPy's limitations, improving processability and biofunctionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review polypyrrole (PPy)-based electrospun nanofiber composites in the biomedical field.
  • To focus on the biocompatibility regulation mechanisms and tissue repair functions of these composites.
  • To analyze the impact of different composite fiber architectures on biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of PPy-based electrospun nanofiber composites in biomedical applications.
  • Analysis of PPy composite fiber architectures: randomly distributed, aligned, and core-shell structures.
  • Elucidation of application mechanisms in nerve regeneration, skin repair, bone mineralization, and myocardial tissue reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • PPy-based electrospun nanofibers mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), supporting cell migration and differentiation.
  • Composite structures facilitate oriented cell migration and regulate signaling pathways for tissue repair.
  • Identified applications in nerve regeneration, skin repair, bone mineralization, and myocardial tissue reconstruction.

Conclusions:

  • PPy-based electrospun nanofiber composites offer significant potential for diverse tissue repair applications.
  • Challenges include PPy's solubility, spinnability, mechanical strength, and scalability.
  • Future research should focus on multifunctional composites, dynamic scaffolds, and biosafety evaluations for clinical translation.