Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

2.0K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
2.0K
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

385
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
385
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

263
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
263
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

715
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
715
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

349
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
349
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:11

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

902
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
902

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hyaluronic acid: biological functions, production strategies, and clinical applications.

In vitro models·2026
Same author

Aptamer-based biosensing strategies for influenza virus detection: a systematic and critical review of electrochemical and optical platforms.

Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences·2026
Same author

Epirubicin-Induced Upregulation of miR-143-3p and miR-145 Enhances Cytotoxicity in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and BT-474 Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Biochemical genetics·2026
Same author

Exosomal lncRNAs as molecular switches driving macrophage-tumor co-evolution in breast cancer.

Clinical and experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Exploring the pathogenesis of a compound heterozygous variant in ATP7B associated with Wilson disease in an Iranian family.

Molecular biology reports·2026
Same author

In vitro and in silico analysis of three variants associated with type 2 diabetes.

Acta diabetologica·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
08:57

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Published on: March 26, 2015

27.2K

Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: New Therapeutic Approaches.

Morteza Rajabi1, Sajjad Shafaeibajestan2, Sevda Asadpour3

  • 1Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Neuropsychopharmacology Reports
|July 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) treatment is challenging. Emerging therapies like ocrelizumab and human fetal neural precursor cells (hfNPCs) show promise in clinical trials for neuroprotection and slowing disease progression.

Keywords:
fingolimodgene therapyneuromodulationocrelizumabprimary progressive multiple sclerosisstem cell therapy

More Related Videos

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord
10:44

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Published on: February 22, 2015

10.4K
Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE
09:24

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Published on: April 15, 2014

17.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
08:57

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Published on: March 26, 2015

27.2K
Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord
10:44

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Published on: February 22, 2015

10.4K
Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE
09:24

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Published on: April 15, 2014

17.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is a distinct form of MS characterized by gradual, irreversible neurological decline.
  • Affecting 10-15% of MS patients, PPMS presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Symptoms include progressive mobility issues, pain, sensory and cognitive deficits, and autonomic dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging treatment strategies for primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
  • To evaluate the potential of novel therapeutic approaches, including cell-based therapies and gene therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PPMS treatments.
  • Analysis of ongoing clinical trials and preclinical research.
  • Evaluation of emerging therapies such as ocrelizumab, stem cell therapy, and gene therapy.

Main Results:

  • Ocrelizumab demonstrates efficacy in reducing PPMS progression.
  • Investigational drugs (biotin, simvastatin, coenzyme Q10) and therapies (fingolimod, idebenone, anti-LINGO-1, neuromodulation, plasmapheresis) are under study.
  • Preclinical gene therapy and stem cell research show potential for neuroprotection, remyelination, and immune regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Human fetal neural precursor cells (hfNPCs) offer neuroprotective benefits and potential for PPMS treatment.
  • Early clinical trials for hfNPCs show promise, warranting further investigation into safety and efficacy.
  • Continued research is crucial for developing effective treatments for PPMS.