Evaluating Efficiency of Propofol and Dexmedetomidine for Hypotensive Anesthesia in ENT Operations

During ENT procedures, hypotensive anesthesia is essential for enhancing operative vision and reducing blood loss. Both dexmedetomidine and propofol are commonly used medications with different modes of action. The effectiveness of these medicines in producing controlled hypotension during ENT operations is assessed in this research.

Sixty individuals between the ages of 18 and 60 who were having elective ENT operations participated in a prospective randomized clinical study. Patients were split into two groups: 30 patients in Group A got an infusion of propofol, and 30 patients in Group B received an infusion of dexmedetomidine. During surgery, hemodynamic measures such as heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored. A visual analog scale (VAS) with a range of 0 (poor) to 10 (excellent) was used to evaluate the quality of the surgical field. Recovery periods were compared, and blood loss was noted. A paired t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis, and a significance threshold of P < 0.05 was established.

The mean MAP for Group B was 60 ± 4 mmHg (P < 0.05), while the mean MAP for Group A was 65 ± 5 mmHg. Group A's mean heart rate was 72 ± 8 bpm, whereas Group B's was 68 ± 6 bpm (P = 0.03). Group B's average surgical field quality VAS score (8.5 ± 0.7) was substantially higher than Group A's (7.8 ± 0.9) (P = 0.01). Group B saw a 15% decrease in total blood loss when compared to Group A (P = 0.04). Group B took 12 ± 3 minutes longer to recover than Group A (10 ± 2 minutes), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.08).

During ENT procedures, dexmedetomidine was superior to propofol in terms of lowering intraoperative blood loss, enhancing surgical field quality, and producing controlled hypotension. Its usage, nevertheless, could be linked to somewhat longer recovery periods. In ENT procedures, dexmedetomidine is regarded as an excellent drug for hypotensive anesthesia.