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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an HIV Patient

Sahil Ahmad1, Siddharth Gosavi1, Raviraja V Acharya1

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences
|July 14, 2025
PubMed

We present a case of a 54-year-old male, with newly detected HIV with low CD4 counts, diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis. The history of his high-risk sexual behavior, fever, and pancytopenia led to clinical suspicion of HIV which was confirmed on serology. Hemophagocytosis was detected on bone marrow aspiration cytology and histoplasmosis was diagnosed on ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of cervical lymph nodes. Timely interference of antiretroviral therapy (ART), antifungals, and identification of HLH lead to recovery of the patient.

Keywords:
CD4HIVhemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosishemophagocytosishistioplasmosis

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