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A variable stiffness robotically steerable guidewire for endovascular interventions.

Timothy A Brumfiel¹, Revanth Konda¹, Nidhi Malhotra¹

¹Medical Robotics and Automation (RoboMed) Laboratory, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA.

|July 14, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a robotically steerable guidewire with adjustable stiffness, aiming to simplify endovascular interventions. This innovation could reduce procedure time, radiation exposure, and costs by using a single, controllable guidewire.

Keywords:

Biomedical engineering Mechanical engineering

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Area of Science:

Medical Robotics
Biomedical Engineering
Interventional Cardiology

Background:

Endovascular interventions rely on guidewire placement, often complicated by complex anatomy and limited steerability.
Current practices necessitate multiple guidewires of varying stiffness, leading to prolonged procedures, increased radiation, and higher costs.

Purpose of the Study:

To design, model, and control a novel tendon-driven robotically steerable guidewire.
To incorporate controllable stiffness along the proximal segment of the guidewire.
To demonstrate the potential for a single guidewire to replace multiple devices in procedures.

Main Methods:

Development of a tendon-driven robotic system for guidewire steering.
Modeling of guidewire motion dynamics.
Implementation of a closed-loop control system using image feedback.
Integration of a stiffening mechanism for controllable stiffness.

Main Results:

The controller achieved maximum deflection root mean square errors (RMSE) of 1.82° (distal joints) and 0.70° (stiffening joint).
The stiffening joint accurately achieved target stiffness values with a maximum RMSE of 1.9 × 10^-2 Nm².

Conclusions:

The developed robotically steerable guidewire demonstrates precise motion control and adjustable stiffness.
This technology has the potential to significantly improve efficiency and reduce complications in endovascular interventions.
A single, controllable guidewire could streamline procedures, benefiting both patients and healthcare providers.