Diagnostically Challenging Case: Coexistence of Two Zoonoses

A male patient presented with fever, cytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. The patient's Brucella tube agglutination test was positive at titers 1:640. Due to the lack of response to brucellosis treatment, additional tests were performed. Leishmania amastigotes were seen in the second bone marrow biopsy preparations. Leishmania PCR was positive, and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was diagnosed. Here, we present a case of VL and brucellosis coinfection that presented with B symptoms (fever, night sweats, and weight loss) and cytopenia and was difficult to diagnose.