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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing for the Quantification of Endothelial Proliferation, Barrier Function, and Motility

Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing for the Quantification of Endothelial Proliferation, Barrier Function, and Motility

Published on: March 28, 2014

Method for Extracellular Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy on Epithelial Cell Monolayers.

Athena J Chien¹, Colby F Lewallen², Hanna Khor³

¹Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.

|July 14, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy offers a comprehensive method to assess epithelial barrier function beyond traditional transepithelial resistance (TER) measurements. This technique quantifies transepithelial capacitance (TEC) and a novel membrane ratio, providing deeper insights into tissue electrical properties.

Keywords:

Barrier integrity Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Electrophysiology Epithelial cell monolayers Transepithelial capacitance Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER)Transport dynamics

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Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

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Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

Published on: September 26, 2017

Area of Science:

Epithelial physiology
Electrophysiology
Biophysics

Background:

Epithelial tissues are crucial barriers, and transepithelial resistance (TER) is a common measure of their integrity.
Conventional TER measurements do not fully capture the complex electrical behavior or membrane-specific properties of epithelia.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a protocol for galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to measure epithelial electrical properties.
To enable the measurement of transepithelial capacitance (TEC) and a new metric, the membrane ratio, alongside TER.

Main Methods:

Utilized galvanostatic EIS with a 4 μA amplitude signal across a 2 Hz to 50 kHz frequency range.
Employed commercially available cell culture inserts and chambers for measurements.
Developed a fitting technique with quantitative error estimation, including provided MATLAB code.

Main Results:

Demonstrated repeatable measurements with mean absolute error below 10 Ω.
Obtained distinct TER, TEC, and membrane ratio values for retinal pigment and bronchiolar epithelial samples.
TER values ranged from 500-1034 Ω·cm², TEC from 1.07-4.10 μF/cm², and membrane ratios from 1.9-22.

Conclusions:

Galvanostatic EIS provides a rapid (under 1 min) and detailed characterization of epithelial electrical properties.
This method offers a more complete assessment of epithelial barrier function than TER alone.
The protocol is adaptable for various epithelial cell types and allows for repeated measurements on the same sample.