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Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...

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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis

A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis

Published on: January 27, 2021

Virulence-Encoding Genes Conserved in Salmonella Isolated From Humans, Poultry, and Seafood.

Yemisi Olukemi Adesiji^1,2, Vijaya Kumar Deekshit³, Rasheed A Odunola⁴

¹Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria.

Journal of Tropical Medicine

|July 14, 2025

Summary

This study examined Type III secretion system (T3SS) genes in Salmonella Enteritidis from Nigeria and India. Most virulence genes were present, but some were absent in specific isolates, offering insights into bacterial pathogenesis.

Keywords:

India Nigeria Salmonella humans raw food virulence genes

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Published on: June 28, 2024

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Bacterial Pathogenesis
Genetics

Background:

The Type III secretion system (T3SS) is crucial for bacterial virulence, enabling pathogens like Salmonella to invade host cells and replicate.
In Salmonella, T3SS genes are located on pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 and SPI-2), contributing significantly to nontyphoidal Salmonella infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence of specific T3SS virulence genes in Salmonella Enteritidis isolates.
To compare gene distribution in clinical isolates from Nigeria and non-clinical sources from India.

Main Methods:

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to analyze virulence gene presence.
Thirty laboratory stocks of Salmonella Enteritidis were examined: 16 from Nigeria and 14 from non-clinical sources in India.

Main Results:

Genes sseB, sseD, sseF, sseT, and invH were conserved across most isolates.
Two isolates from clams lacked sseD and sseF genes.
Genes sseC and sseG were absent in all tested isolates.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the distribution patterns of key T3SS genes in Salmonella Enteritidis.
Findings provide insights into potential variations in virulence mechanisms among isolates from different geographical and source origins.