Adjunctive Intraarterial Thrombolysis after Thrombectomy in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of RCTs

Adjunctive intraarterial (IA) thrombolysis after endovascular thrombectomy may improve clinical outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke possibly due to improvement in microvascular reperfusion.

We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating IA thrombolysis with tenecteplase, alteplase or urokinase in anterior or posterior circulation LVO stroke after successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b-3). Efficacy outcomes were excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-1), functional independence (mRS 0-2) and recovery without any disability (mRS 0) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), any ICH and death. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using random-effects models.

Seven RCTs (n = 2,130; 2022-2025) were included. IA thrombolytic drugs used were alteplase, tenecteplase and urokinase with doses ranging from 10 % to 50% of recommended IV dosage. IA thrombolysis significantly improved excellent functional outcome (mRS 0-1: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.19-1.76) and recovery without any disability (mRS 0: OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09-1.64), without safety risks (symptomatic ICH: 5.05% with IA thrombolytics vs. 4.49% in standard). Paradoxically, there was no difference in functional independence (mRS 0-2) (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.99-1.20). Additionally, tenecteplase or alteplase at doses equivalent to 25% or 50% of recommended IV dosage significantly improved excellent functional outcome.

IA thrombolysis offered immediately following EVT with successful reperfusion improved excellent functional outcome and recovery without disability at 90 days with an acceptable safety profile.