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Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

200
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
200

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
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Postictal resting-state connectivity changes after electroconvulsive therapy-induced seizures.

Julia C M Pottkämper1,2,3,4, Joey P A J Verdijk5,6, Sven Stuiver5,6

  • 1Clinical Neurophysiology Group, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. jpottkamper@rijnstate.nl.

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
|July 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) temporarily alters brain function. This study found immediate post-seizure changes in resting-state networks, including decreased connectivity in executive and auditory networks, and altered salience network connectivity, not linked to clinical recovery.

Keywords:
DepressionElectroconvulsive therapyFunctional magnetic resonance imagingHealthy controlsPostictal stateResting state networks

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used for major depression but causes temporary brain function changes.
  • The immediate effects of ECT-induced seizures on brain networks are not well understood.
  • Resting-state networks (RSNs) offer insights into brain connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain-wide RSN connectivity changes in the immediate postictal state after ECT.
  • To analyze alterations in RSN connectivity strength shortly following ECT-induced seizures.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 17 major depression patients before and after ECT.
  • Compared patient data to 27 healthy controls to assess test-retest effects.
  • Measured clinical recovery using the reorientation time questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • Postictal decreases in mean connectivity strength were observed in the left central executive network and auditory network.
  • Voxel-wise analyses revealed increased salience network connectivity with cerebellar regions.
  • Decreased within-network connectivity was noted in the default mode network and left central executive network.
  • No significant associations were found between network changes and clinical recovery.

Conclusions:

  • ECT-induced seizures are followed by immediate postictal decreases in left central executive and auditory network connectivity.
  • Increased salience network connectivity with the cerebellum and decreased default mode network connectivity were observed.
  • These acute network changes post-ECT do not correlate with immediate clinical recovery.