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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Probing the Roles of Physical Forces in Early Chick Embryonic Morphogenesis
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Dynamic forces drive cell and organ morphology changes during embryonic development.

Raj Kumar Manna1,2,3, Emma M Retzlaff4, Anna Maria Hinman4

  • 1Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic forces from tissue movements shape organs during embryonic development. This study in zebrafish embryos reveals how these forces influence organ morphology, demonstrating their critical role in development.

Keywords:
embryonic developmentleft–right patterningmathematical modelsmorphogenesistissue mechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Biophysics
  • Zebrafish embryogenesis

Background:

  • Embryonic development requires precise cell, tissue, and organ shape changes.
  • Biochemical signaling and biophysical forces drive morphology changes, but their distinct roles are challenging to isolate.
  • Tissue-scale dynamic forces are often overlooked in developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution of dynamic forces to organ shape changes during embryonic development.
  • To understand the role of tissue movements in shaping organs.
  • To differentiate the impact of dynamic forces from other developmental mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mathematical modeling to simulate organ development.
  • Conducted in vivo experiments using zebrafish embryos.
  • Employed laser ablation techniques to perturb tissue-scale forces.

Main Results:

  • Modeling predicted that dynamic forces drive Kupffer's vesicle (KV) shape changes.
  • Laser ablations altering dynamic forces resulted in predicted changes to KV organ shape.
  • Experimental results align with mathematical model predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic forces generated by tissue movements are crucial for sculpting cell and organ shape.
  • This study highlights the significant, often ignored, role of biophysical forces in embryonic morphogenesis.
  • Findings demonstrate a direct link between tissue dynamics and organ morphology in developing embryos.