In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Ultraviolet-filter, and Antigenotoxic Properties of Plant-derived Compounds as Protective...

Plant-derived compounds represent a potential alternative source of pharmacologically safe photoprotective agents for human use. This work studied the cytotoxicity, ultraviolet (UV)-filter, and antigenotoxic properties of selected phytochemicals against UV radiation. Cytotoxicity to human fibroblasts was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay. The UV-absorption efficacy of these phytochemicals was evaluated using in vitro protection parameters, including Sun Protection Factor and critical wavelength, while antigenotoxic properties were assessed using the SOS Chromotest. The compounds exhibited variable cytotoxicity profiles against human fibroblasts. Notably, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, kaempferol, resveratrol, and squalene demonstrated relevant photoprotection at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Among these, kaempferol and squalene showed broad-spectrum protection. With the exception of caffeic acid, all compounds exhibited significant antigenotoxic activity against UVB radiation. A moderate correlation was observed between SPF values and antigenotoxicity (R = 0.45, p < 8.9 e^-6). The studied compounds show promising characteristics for future development as novel sunscreen ingredients.