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Blood Flow Turbulence Measured by High-frame-rate Vector Flow Imaging Conduced to Investigating Advanced Carotid
Ya-Chao Zhao1, Yi-Ming He2, Fei Wang2
1National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|July 15, 2025
Summary
Vector Flow (V Flow) imaging reveals that hemodynamic parameters correlate with carotid plaque composition and vulnerability. This technique shows promise for assessing severe carotid plaque in patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Imaging
- Biomedical Engineering
- Vascular Ultrasound
Background:
- High-frame-rate vector flow imaging (V Flow) is established for peripheral artery hemodynamics.
- Its utility in severe carotid stenosis requires further investigation.
- Understanding hemodynamics in severe carotid stenosis is crucial for risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between V Flow-derived hemodynamic parameters and carotid plaque composition.
- To evaluate the value of V Flow in assessing plaque vulnerability in severe carotid stenosis.
Main Methods:
- Collected patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and ultrasound.
- Graded plaque characteristics using semiquantitative scales.
- Analyzed correlations between turbulence index (Tur), wall shear stress (WSS), and plaque components.
- Used ROC curves to assess ultrasonic parameters for plaque vulnerability.
Main Results:
- Vulnerable plaques exhibited significantly higher Tur than stable plaques (p < 0.001).
- Severe Tur correlated with intraplaque hemorrhage, thrombus, and thinner fibrous caps.
- Specific WSS parameters (meanWSSupstream, meanWSSpeak) showed associations with plaque components like fibrous tissue, hemorrhage, and neovascularization.
- V Flow parameters demonstrated high accuracy in predicting plaque vulnerability (AUCs up to 0.973).
Conclusions:
- V Flow-detected hemodynamic parameters are significantly related to carotid plaque composition and vulnerability.
- V Flow is a potentially effective tool for evaluating patients with severe carotid plaque.
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