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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Intracardiac Injection of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Increase Homing to the Intestine for Use in Murine Models of Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Hydrogel-Mediated Fibroblast Reprogramming Restores Intestinal Function in Adhesive

Lihong Zheng1,2, Junrong Zhang1,2, Zhengyuan Huang1,2

  • 1Department of General Surgery (Emergency Surgery), Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|October 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in silk hydrogel (BMSC@Gel) prevent tissue adhesion and restore function after small bowel obstruction. This therapy modulates fibroblast activity and suppresses inflammation, offering a promising treatment for adhesive small bowel obstruction.

Keywords:
TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling pathwayadhesive small bowel obstructionbone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsfibroblast remodelinginflammatory responseintestinal repair

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a serious surgical complication caused by scar tissue formation after abdominal surgery.
  • Fibroblast activation and subsequent intestinal stenosis are key pathological features of ASBO.
  • Current treatments for ASBO are limited, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a silk hydrogel (BMSC@Gel) for preventing and treating ASBO.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which BMSCs modulate the intestinal microenvironment and fibroblast behavior in ASBO.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of BMSC@Gel in restoring physiological functions in preclinical models of ASBO.

Main Methods:

  • Encapsulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) within a silk hydrogel to create BMSC@Gel.
  • In vivo studies using mouse models of ASBO to assess the anti-adhesion and functional recovery effects of BMSC@Gel.
  • In vitro studies using human-derived organoids to investigate BMSC interactions and exosome-mediated effects.
  • Analysis of fibroblast differentiation pathways, inflammatory markers, and the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

Main Results:

  • BMSC@Gel effectively prevented tissue adhesion and restored physiological functions in mouse models and human organoids.
  • BMSCs demonstrated dual regulatory effects: promoting proliferating fibroblasts and suppressing inflammatory fibroblasts.
  • BMSC-derived exosomes were found to suppress the inflammatory microenvironment, maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
  • BMSCs modulated fibroblast phenotypes and inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, reversing ASBO development.

Conclusions:

  • BMSC@Gel represents a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction.
  • The dual action of BMSCs in modulating fibroblast behavior and suppressing inflammation is crucial for their therapeutic efficacy.
  • This study provides a strong foundation for the clinical translation of BMSC@Gel for ASBO management.