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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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[Advances in inhalable nano-formulations].

Yinjia Luo1, Xiao Yue2, Ziyu Zhao2,3

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. 18200598488@163.com.

Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical Sciences
|July 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Inhalable nano-formulations enhance drug delivery to the lungs. This review explores challenges and strategies for four types of nano-formulations used in treating respiratory diseases.

Keywords:
Controlled drug release materialsInhalation prepara-tionsNanoformulationRespiratory diseaseReview

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Nano-drug delivery systems offer advantages like high surface area and modifiability.
  • Inhalable nano-formulations enable precise pulmonary drug delivery, improving bioavailability and efficacy for respiratory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current inhalable nano-formulations for respiratory diseases.
  • To identify challenges and proposed strategies for integrating nano-drug delivery with inhalation systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on four types of inhalable nano-formulations.
  • Analysis of challenges in stability, processing, and delivery efficiency.
  • Discussion of optimization strategies for each formulation type.

Main Results:

  • Inhalable liquid preparations face aerosolization stability issues, improved by optimization.
  • Pressurized metered-dose inhalers require novel propellants for nano-drug stability.
  • Dry powder inhalers need strategies to enhance pulmonary delivery and nanoparticle integrity.
  • Soft mist inhalers show promise due to gentle atomization preserving nano-drug integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Soft mist inhalers are ideal for pulmonary nano-drug delivery.
  • Addressing challenges in stability and delivery is crucial for advancing inhalable nano-formulations.
  • This review provides references for future development of effective inhalable nano-formulations.