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Spectral imprint of structural embedding in effective connectivity.

Matthew D Greaves1,2, Leonardo Novelli1,2, James C Pang1,2

  • 1School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

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We introduce a new chromatic dynamic causal model (DCM) that links brain structure to neural fluctuations. This model reveals how brain connectivity varies across species and cortical hierarchy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Neural fluctuations display complex spectral profiles influenced by local dynamics and anatomical structure.
  • Current resting-state effective connectivity models often overlook structural embedding and assume uniform regional fluctuation timescales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a chromatic dynamic causal model (DCM) integrating structural information into neural fluctuation analysis.
  • To investigate how structural valency influences the spectral properties of endogenous neural fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a chromatic DCM where structural valency linearly maps to the spectral exponent of scale-free auto-spectra.
  • Utilized simulations to demonstrate the emergence of this mapping from structural embedding in a non-equilibrium system.
  • Validated the model's ability to recover parameters across various network sizes and noise levels, comparing it to standard spectral DCM.

Main Results:

  • Chromatic DCM reliably recovers ground-truth parameters, outperforming standard spectral DCM.
  • Analysis of empirical data showed that valency-exponent mappings differ across the cortical hierarchy.
  • These mapping parameters were found to be conserved across homologous brain networks in humans, macaques, marmosets, and mice.

Conclusions:

  • The chromatic DCM provides a generative framework for understanding structure-function coupling in the brain.
  • This model expands the available biophysical mechanisms for effective connectivity inference.
  • Findings highlight species- and hierarchy-specific variations in how brain structure shapes neural dynamics.