Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn: Phytochemical Impact on the Mechanism of Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Pathways

The Hibiscus sabdariffa plant is an herbaceous member of the Malvaceae family. It is a widely recognized herb with medicinal properties. It is utilized extensively in many traditional medical practices along with delicious food items, like jams, puddings, and cakes. The purpose of this review was to investigate and compile all of the available data and evidence about the calyxes of Hibiscus sabdariffa with a particular focus on their nutritional composition, bioactive components, and therapeutic benefits. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the plant's traditional usage, pharmacognostic characterization, nutritional and phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties. This paper elucidates the mechanisms by which Hibiscus sabdariffa exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in managing neurological disorders. Additionally, Hibiscus sabdariffa has been shown to prevent memory impairment, which may be attributed to its effects on neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis. Hibiscus sabdariffa has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects due to the presence of polyphenol compounds that possess anti- inflammatory properties. Flavonoids are also commonly found in it, which inhibit the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B. This plant has a variety of health benefits, including antioxidant, antidepressant, diuretic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities. Based on the literature, this review provides a thorough analysis of the pharmacological and phytochemical characteristics of Hibiscus sabdariffa.