Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
Published on: June 11, 2012
Factors of Composite Target of Time in Range and Time Below Range Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Mengyun Lei1, Yongwen Zhou2, Chaofan Wang2
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Objectives:
To explore glycemic outcomes after open-source Android artificial pancreas system (AAPS) use and factors of achieving composite target (time in range of 70-180 mg/dL [TIR]>70% and time below range of 70 mg/dL [TBR70] <4%) among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Methods:
T1DM people aged under 18 years and who used AAPS for ≥6 months were included. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics were calculated after 3 and 6 months of AAPS use. Logistic regression model was used to explore factors of achieving composite target at 6 months.
Results:
Seventy-seven participants (44.16% male) were included. Median age was 10.64 (6.90,12.72) years, T1DM duration was 2.03 (0.59,4.43) years and baseline glycated hemoglobin was 7.78 ± 2.12%. After 3 and 6 months, 67.53% and 66.23% achieved TIR>70%, while 57.14% and 54.55% achieved TBR70 < 4%, respectively. After 3 months, the achievement rate of composite target was 41.56% and slightly declined to 35.06% at 6 months (P > .05). The age at AAPS initiation (OR = 1.32), T1DM duration (OR = 0.72), and frequency of daily meal announcements (OR = 1.40) were associated factors of achieving composite target at 6 months (all P < .05).
Conclusions:
T1DM children and adolescents with older age, shorter T1DM duration at AAPS initiation, and higher meal announcement frequency during AAPS use had the potential to successfully achieve composite target.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

