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Introducing the iceAccretionFoam solver: impingement and rime ice.

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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
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Advancing the iceAccretionFoam solver: glaze ice accretion.

Rafael Miranda Hazana Carvalho1, Jayme Rodrigues Teixeira da Silva1, Pedro Castro de Souza Villela1

  • 1ATS4i Engenharia, Estudos e Projetos Ltda, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|July 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool, iceAccretionFoam, models the entire ice accretion process for rime and glaze ice. This solver accurately simulates water film hydrodynamics and heat transfer for improved icing predictions.

Keywords:
aircraft icingglaze iceice formationimmersed boundaryrough turbulent heat transferthin film

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Area of Science:

  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
  • Aerospace engineering
  • Heat and mass transfer

Background:

  • Accurate ice accretion modeling is crucial for aerospace safety and performance.
  • Existing tools often require multiple solvers for different physical phenomena.
  • A unified approach is needed to simulate the complex interactions during ice formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a novel three-dimensional CFD tool, iceAccretionFoam, for simulating both rime and glaze ice accretion.
  • To integrate various physical models into a single solver for comprehensive icing analysis.
  • To analyze water film hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and ice growth dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new solver, iceAccretionFoam, based on foam-extend 5.0.
  • Utilizing the finite-area method for water film hydrodynamics.
  • Implementing immersed boundary method for geometry modification.
  • Employing Eulerian formulation for impingement modeling.
  • Coupling with the compressible solver rhoPimpleFoam for external flow.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of a unified CFD tool capable of modeling the entire ice accretion process.
  • Accurate simulation of water film hydrodynamics and turbulent heat transfer.
  • Implementation of an ice growth model based on liquid-water film height for rime and glaze ice.
  • Preliminary verification indicates acceptable initial results.

Conclusions:

  • The developed iceAccretionFoam solver provides a comprehensive and accurate approach to modeling ice accretion.
  • The unified CFD tool streamlines the simulation process for icing applications.
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of heat and mass transfer in frost and ice formation.