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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Translational Orthotopic Models of Glioblastoma Multiforme
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RANO 2.0: Update to the response assessment for gliomas.

C Pineda Ibarra1, L Oleaga Zufiria1, I Valduvieco Ruiz2

  • 1Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.

Radiologia
|July 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria for glioma follow-up have been updated in RANO 2.0. These revised guidelines incorporate the latest WHO classification and imaging data for improved patient management.

Keywords:
Baseline MRIComplete responseConfirmatory MRIContrast-enhancing diseaseDisease progressionEnfermedad captante de contrasteEnfermedad estableEnfermedad no captante de contrasteGliomaLesión dianaLesión medibleMeasurable lesionMinor responseNon-contrast-enhancing diseasePartial responseProgresión de la enfermedadPseudoprogresiónPseudoprogressionPseudoresponsePseudorespuestaRANO-2.0RM basalRM confirmatoriaRespuesta completaRespuesta minorRespuesta parcialStable diseaseTarget lesion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Follow-up of glioma patients presents ongoing challenges in neuro-oncology.
  • The RANO group initially established glioma follow-up criteria in 2010, primarily for clinical trials, but these also guided clinical practice.
  • Subsequent RANO criteria addressed low-grade tumors, immunotherapy, and modifications to the original guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the updated RANO 2.0 guidelines for glioma follow-up.
  • To enhance understanding of the revisions and their practical application in routine radiological practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the RANO 2.0 comprehensive guide published in 2023.
  • Analysis of how RANO 2.0 integrates the latest WHO classification and objective data.
  • Examination of RANO 2.0's recommendations for baseline MRI, tumor component response assessment, and confirmatory MRI protocols.

Main Results:

  • RANO 2.0 provides updated follow-up criteria for all glioma types and various treatments.
  • The new criteria incorporate the latest WHO classification and objective data alongside expert opinion.
  • RANO 2.0 specifies baseline MRI requirements, details responses in contrast-enhanced and non-contrast-enhanced tumor components, and defines conditions for confirmatory MRIs.

Conclusions:

  • RANO 2.0 offers a more comprehensive framework for glioma follow-up compared to previous iterations.
  • Understanding and applying RANO 2.0 is crucial for accurate radiological assessment and patient management in neuro-oncology.
  • The revised criteria aim to standardize and improve the consistency of glioma monitoring in clinical practice.