Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cattell's Theory of Intelligence01:25

Cattell's Theory of Intelligence

7.3K
Raymond Cattell, along with John Horn, made significant contributions to our understanding of intelligence by distinguishing between two types: fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.
Fluid intelligence involves the capacity to solve new problems and adapt to unfamiliar situations. It's the type of intelligence individuals use when they encounter a novel problem or puzzle that requires innovative thinking. For instance, figuring out how to operate a new gadget relies heavily on...
7.3K
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

138
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
138
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

108
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
108
Biological Influences on Intelligence01:30

Biological Influences on Intelligence

221
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
221
Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

423
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
423
Measures of Intelligence01:29

Measures of Intelligence

7.9K
Psychologists measure intelligence by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. To understand IQ tests, it's important to recognize the key principles behind their construction: validity, reliability, and standardization.
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...
7.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The impact of nationwide folic acid fortification on genetic variants associated with conotruncal heart defects.

Research square·2026
Same author

A lesion-derived brain network of somatic symptoms for transdiagnostic individual application.

BMC medicine·2026
Same author

Distinct and Shared Molecular Mechanisms Underlie Morphological-Functional Overcoupling and Undercoupling in Major Depressive Disorder.

Biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

Age-Specific Contrast Optimization of bSSFP in Fetal Brain.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same author

Hybrid-integrated dual-wavelength semiconductor laser with 100 GHz stable frequency spacing.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Microstructure imaging of prostate cancer by diffusion MRI.

Magma (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K

Neural correlates differ between crystallized and fluid intelligence in adolescents.

Bowen Qiu1, Rui Qian1, Baorong Gu1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Translational Psychiatry
|July 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals distinct brain mechanisms for fluid and crystallized intelligence in adolescents. Micro-level MRI markers link to fluid intelligence, while macro-level markers and specific neurotransmitter systems relate to crystallized intelligence.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
13:08

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Published on: December 2, 2015

9.0K
Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
10:13

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

13.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 15, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K
Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
13:08

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Published on: December 2, 2015

9.0K
Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
10:13

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

13.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Fluid and crystallized intelligence are key cognitive abilities with unclear neural underpinnings.
  • Understanding their distinct developmental trajectories is crucial for cognitive science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify differential neural correlates of fluid and crystallized intelligence in young adolescents.
  • To explore molecular and lifestyle influences on these cognitive facets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ABCD cohort data from 7471 young adolescents (mean age 9.87 years).
  • Employed brain MRI phenotypes (micro-level water diffusivity, macro-level cortical thickness), spatial transcriptome profiles, and PET imaging.
  • Correlated neuroimaging markers with neurotransmitter systems and lifestyle factors (physical activity, screen time, sleep).

Main Results:

  • Micro-level MRI (water diffusivity) associated with fluid intelligence; macro-level MRI (cortical thickness) with crystallized intelligence.
  • Fluid intelligence linked to serotonin and glutamate systems; crystallized intelligence to serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine systems.
  • Lifestyle factors influenced fluid intelligence via mGlu5 receptors and crystallized intelligence via 5HT1a and D2 receptors.

Conclusions:

  • Established distinct neuroimaging and molecular bases for fluid and crystallized intelligence in adolescents.
  • Highlighted the mediating role of specific neurotransmitter receptors in lifestyle impacts on cognitive abilities.
  • Provided novel insights into the developmental neuroscience of distinct intelligence types.