[Quantitative Analysis of Wetland Evolution Characteristics and Driving Factors in Ruoergai Plateau Based on Landsat...

The Ruoergai Wetland， China's largest high-altitude marsh， plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle and climate management. However， the Ruoergai Wetland has experienced significant damage as a result of human activity and global warming. Based on the Google Earth Engine （GEE） cloud platform and time-series Landsat images， a random forest algorithm was applied to produce a detailed classification map of the Ruoergai wetlands from 1990 to 2020. Through the transfer matrix and landscape pattern index， the spatiotemporal change law and change trend of wetlands were analyzed. Then， the influencing factors of wetland distribution were quantitatively analyzed using geographic detector. The results showed that： ① The total wetland area averaged 3 910 km² from 1990 to 2020， dominated by marshy and wet meadows， accounting for 83.13% of the total wetland area. From 1990 to 2010， the wetland area of Ruoergai showed a decreasing trend， and from 2010 to 2020， the wetland area increased slightly. ② From 1990 to 2020， the decrease in wetland area was mainly reflected in the degradation of wet meadows into alpine grassland. There were also changes among different wetland types， which were mainly reflected in the conversion of marsh meadows and wet meadows. ③ From 1990 to 2010， the wetland landscape tended to be fragmented and complicated， and the aggregation degree decreased. From 2010 to 2020， wetland fragmentation decreased， and the wetland landscape became more concentrated. ④ Slope， temperature， and aspect were the main natural factors affecting wetland distribution. At the same time， population density has gradually become a significant social and economic factor affecting wetland distribution. The results can provide scientific support for the wetland protection planning of Ruoergai and serve for the ecological preservation and high-level development of the area.