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Distinct clinical outcomes in pediatric tuberculosis: A study utilizing infant macaques exposed to aerosol

Katherine Turnbull1, Eunice Vincent1, Huanbin Xu1,2

  • 1Tulane National Primate Research Center (TNPRC), Covington, LA 70433, USA.

Iscience
|July 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric rhesus macaques exposed to low-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mimic natural childhood TB infection. This animal model aids in studying pediatric tuberculosis immunopathogenesis and treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) research requires relevant animal models to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections in children.
  • Current models often do not accurately reflect the natural course of pediatric TB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and validate a pediatric rhesus macaque model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection.
  • To investigate the immunopathogenesis of pediatric TB using this translational model.

Main Methods:

  • Infant rhesus macaques were exposed to controlled doses of aerosolized Mtb CDC1551.
  • Systematic monitoring included physical examinations, blood chemistry, radiography, and histopathology.

Main Results:

  • Low-dose Mtb exposure resulted in immune control similar to human infants.
  • High-dose Mtb exposure led to rapid dissemination, disease progression, and mortality.
  • The model recapitulated key aspects of pediatric TB infection.

Conclusions:

  • Aerosolized low-dose Mtb in infant macaques serves as a translational model for pediatric TB.
  • This model facilitates the study of pediatric tuberculosis immunopathogenesis and treatment in a clinical setting.

Keywords:
Health sciencesMicrobiology

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