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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Action verbal fluency (VF) tasks assess word retrieval abilities.
  • Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) offers a method to objectively analyze VF strategies.
  • Lancaster sensorimotor norms provide a basis for classifying verb semantic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish objective verb clustering criteria for action VF using HCA.
  • To investigate age-related differences in switching and cluster diversity.
  • To explore correlations between age, education, working memory (WM), and VF performance.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-two Korean speakers (younger and older adults) performed a 1-min action VF task.
  • Generated verbs were clustered using HCA based on Lancaster sensorimotor norms.
  • Working memory capacity was assessed using word-forward and word-backward tasks.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited significantly fewer switches and lower cluster diversity than younger adults.
  • Working memory capacity, particularly backward digit span, correlated positively with retrieval strategies in older adults.
  • Younger age and higher education were associated with more diverse retrieval strategies in older individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The HCA approach effectively identified aging-related differences in action VF word retrieval strategies.
  • The study highlights the utility of HCA for qualitative analysis of VF tasks.
  • Findings underscore the relationship between WM and age-related changes in verbal retrieval.