Fully Integrated Wearable Biosensor for Multiple In Situ Phosphorylated Tau Protein Detection.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Neuroscience
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for effective treatment and management.
• Current diagnostic methods can be invasive or require specialized facilities.
• There is a need for accessible, non-invasive screening tools for early AD detection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a fully integrated wearable electrochemical sensing patch for early Alzheimer's disease screening.
• To combine sample collection and electrochemical detection of AD biomarkers in a single device.
• To enable in situ detection of P-tau181 and P-tau217 using interstitial fluid.

Main Methods:

• Development of a wearable patch integrating a microneedle sampling system and a multimodal electrochemical biosensor.
• Utilized microneedle array to collect interstitial fluid (ISF) and deliver it to the detection area.
• Incorporated a Bluetooth module for wireless data transmission to a mobile application.

Main Results:

• The wearable patch successfully detected Alzheimer's disease biomarkers P-tau181 and P-tau217 in situ.
• Achieved low detection limits of 0.058 pg/mL for P-tau181 and 0.079 pg/mL for P-tau217.
• Demonstrated real-time data transmission to a mobile APP for user-friendly results display and device control.

Conclusions:

• The developed wearable electrochemical sensing patch offers a novel and promising strategy for early, multiple in situ diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
• This integrated device facilitates convenient and accessible screening for AD.
• The technology has the potential to significantly impact early intervention and management of Alzheimer's disease.